Word formation - a list of suffixes (1)


By adding a suffix (word ending) you modify the original word (root), and often the result is a new word class.

Drink (noun, verb) + -able (suffix) = drinkable (adjective)

In the list below you find some very common suffixes, what they mean, and examples of how they can form new words. Some of theses suffixes are not Latin, but your priority is to understand.

Suffix Meaning Examples

-able
-ible

able to be, capable of being, which you can ...

collectible
curable
drinkable
flexible
visible
 
-al
-ial
   
-an
-ian
   
-ary    
-ance, -ancy state of, process of acceptance
currency
defiance
infancy
performance
radiance
 
-ate    
-dom condition, office, state freedom
kingdom
wisdom
 
-ee one who receives, one who is the object of the action appointee
employee
examinee
payee
referee
refugee
 
-er
-or
one who does [the verb] author
creator
director
driver
hiker
reader
 
-ful filled with beautiful
colourful
cupful
delightful
dreadful
wonderful
 
-ify to make into beautify
classify
disqualify
glorify
horrify
 
-ification process of making into clarification
petrification
purification
specification
unification
 
-ish the nature of, resembling apish
babyish
childish
devilish
greenish
whitish
 
-ism doctrine, system, characteristic quality capitalism
communism
idealism
pluralism
realism
terrorism
 
-ist one who performs; an adherent of an ism cellist
communist
moralist
realist
pharamacist
pragmatist
 
-ise
-ize
to make into animalize
centralize
normalize
rationalize,
realize
 
-isation
-ization
the process of making into commercialisation
individualization
normalization
rationalization
realization
-less without bottomless
fearless
lawless
meaningless
tireless